ABSTRACT
IDM are relatively new population group which started its existence due to revolutionary changes in the treatment and control of DM during pregnancy. D.M. has an important influence on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism in the diabetic mothers [whether IDDM or GDM] which can affect the neonatal lipid metabolism. The aim of this study is to investigate and verify the changes of lipid metabolism in IDM. The alterations in lipid metabolism depends on the lipid and lipoprotein fraction as well as the type of D.M. the changes in lipid metabolism in the newborn is affected by maternal factors, including the degree of hyperglycemia, the type of diabetes, its control the weight of the mother ad newborn characteristics [especially macrasomia] as well as excessive fetal insulin secretion. However, this may lay a role in the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis in the adult life. This study was performed at Bab El-Sharyia University hospital. It included 100 neonates divided into 3 groups. Group I contained 25 neonates of IDDM mothers. Group II involved 25 neonates of GDM and group III, 25 neonates of healthy mothers. All groups were subjected to thorough history, examination and investigations [CBC, blood sugar, lipid profile [T.C. TG, LDLs, HDLc/HDLc ratio were [S.S] higher in both infants of type 1 [IDDM] and group II [GDM] compared to group III control group. Furthermore, Apo, B/LDLc ratio was significantly lower in IDM [group I and II] than the control [group III]. The blood glucose levels were also lower in IDM compared to the control group. There was also S.I. difference in the TC, TG which may be attributed to the good control of DM in the pregnant mothers. However, the Apo-B/LDL ratio was increased in IDM which is considered atherogenic indicators. In conclusion, diabetes in pregnant women causes a tendency to LDL hypercholesterolemia in the offspring. Our recommendation that, these infants should be longitudinally followed up to assess whether this observation has an increased risk for atheroscherosis at advanced ages or not